Vitek VTC-3516 Specifikace stáhnout pdf (Strana 45)

Design and Applied Technology (Secondary 4-6)

(d) Electricity and Modern World

Electricity emerged in the 1870’s. It has completely modernized the world and enhanced

human beings’ living quality. With electricity, various electrical appliances, such as air-

conditioners, computers, televisions and cookers, were invented.

(e) Computer and Information

John Bardeen and Walter Brattain invented transistors in 1947. Transistors replaced electrical

vacuum tubes, which were expensive in monetary terms and bulky in volume. Transistors

were subsequently replaced by integrated circuits (IC’s), which were invented in 1971 and

provided more complicated and multiple functions. The development of computers thanks to

the introduction of IC’s.

Computer’s capabilities play a key role in technology development of the recent decades.

Various fields, including but not limited to communication, medicine, entertainment,

scientific research, transportation, rely on computers. Especially, the Internet has speeded up

and enlarged the extent of information spread, and announced the beginning of the

information era.

2.1.2 Design movement

People from different cultures have different abilities to make tools and to communicate. The

evolution in art, design and technology has great impact on civilization. Many individuals,

civilizations and cultures have contributed their own value to the collective knowledge, skills

and understanding through the centuries.

Design movement refers to a common or similar design style that is shared among some

artists or designers. The period concerned may last for months, years or decades. While style

or aesthetics is only perhaps a matter of personal or even generational taste, some major

aesthetic styles do have long impact on product design and architecture since the late 1800’s.

The Chinese, Egyptians, North American Indians and Romans created their own artifacts and

environments on their own lifestyles and beliefs and by the materials and processes that they

then had. Their works dominated the art, design and technology movements in the early

centuries.

The Victorians did not ask for uniformity. Many of their key developments built the

foundation of the Industrial Revolution. For example, the art and architecture then shaped the

growth of large cities; steam and gas powered the railways and trams.

The design style of Art Nouveau is based on natural shapes. Patterns and designs of the style

are often curving, intertwined plant and animal shapes. Some examples are climbing vines

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Vitek VTC-3516 Specifikace Strana 45